- Extrinsic Stains: Affecting the outer layer of the teeth, caused by the consumption of highly pigmented foods and beverages such as coffee, tea, red wine, and certain berries, as well as tobacco.
- Intrinsic Stains: Originating from within the tooth, due to factors like ageing, trauma, or certain medications. As we age, the enamel (outer layer) of our teeth naturally wears down, revealing the yellowish dentin beneath. Trauma or injury to a tooth can cause it to darken as a result of internal bleeding or damage to the pulp.
- Systemic Causes: Some medications, such as tetracycline antibiotics, can lead to intrinsic staining if taken during tooth development in childhood. Fluorosis, a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development, can also result in discolouration, appearing as white or brown spots on the teeth.
